How to Succeed in Banishing Smoking Essays

<h1>How to Succeed in Banishing Smoking Essays</h1><p>If you've just experienced a customary composing task on exposition composing and viewed the point either as excessively overpowering or the necessary paper to be basically too hard to even think about writing, a banishing smoking article test may simply be the perfect arrangement. By giving a short, yet enlightening portrayal of how smoking has contrarily influenced your life, banishing smoking article tests can give you a bit by bit framework of what you have to do to get past the whole paper process with ease.</p><p></p><p>With banishing smoking expositions accessible in plenitude for your understanding delight, there will be no compelling reason to go through hours perusing a similar data over once more. You should simply discover the banishing smoking article test that will assist you with overcoming the procedure smoothly.</p><p></p><p>With banishing smoking e xposition tests, you will have the option to recognize these assets that attention on training the fundamental data important to finish a banishing smoking paper, and these assets that offer increasingly point by point guidance and techniques. The previous sorts of assets are intended to give you the most fundamental data you'll have to get past the banishing smoking exposition, while the last kinds of assets to give you tips and methodologies you can use all alone. A decent banishing smoking article test will consistently give you all that you need.</p><p></p><p>Whether you are an accomplished banishing smoking exposition author or simply beginning, the focal point of the banishing smoking paper test ought to consistently be on helping you overcome the article. Much the same as you should know the paper theme before you start, the banishing smoking exposition test ought to have data that will be useful in helping you succeed. This isn't a spot for preaching. </p><p></p><p>The banishing smoking paper test should begin by providing you with the general diagram of the banishing smoking point. This can either be cultivated by perusing the whole exposition at a time, or you can pick to just skim through the example, ensuring you read the key parts. When you have perused the article, you ought to have the option to give some thought regarding to what extent it will take you to finish.</p><p></p><p>If you truly need to comprehend the banishing smoking exposition test, you ought not skirt ahead to the end. This is the place you should begin to expand a portion of the significant focuses you got from the article. You can either rehash the exposition if it's a handbook frame or give your own bits of knowledge and sentiments to the banishing smoking article test so as to make it your own.</p><p></p><p>It is critical to feature certain things you accept about the banishing smok ing paper test when you are understanding it. This is provided that you wind up investing a ton of energy perusing a banishing smoking exposition test, you may end up concurring with the banishing smoking paper test's message and just concur with it somewhat. You ought to talk about the entirety of the banishing smoking paper test's focuses that you are not in concurrence with in an insightful manner.</p><p></p><p>In request to prevail with regards to banishing smoking expositions, you should make the banishing smoking article test work for you. Do whatever it takes not to overlook whatever you don't concur with. Doing so will just make it harder for you to think of the right banishing smoking paper sample.</p>

Looking For Essay Samples for ESL Essay Writing?

<h1>Looking For Essay Samples for ESL Essay Writing?</h1><p>This is an inquiry posed by many individuals, including the individuals who experience school and even the individuals who are simply starting their school vocation. Why tests for ESL paper composing? Why not simply request an example to check for syntactic missteps or spelling blunders? These two variables have been an issue of discussion among understudies for some time now, however how would you choose if you ought to get an example for your essay?</p><p></p><p>First of all, on the off chance that you can't compose an article, at that point you can't anticipate that others should either. On the off chance that you think you have to rehearse what you realized in your earlier year of school, at that point getting tests for ESL article composing is a smart thought. You can even approach your teachers for some for your article; they will gladly send you a couple for you to test.</p ><p></p><p>After you have wrapped up your exposition, you should audit it for language structure, accentuation, and spelling botches. The exact opposite thing you need to do is present your paper to your proofreader, so having a portion of a similar composing tests for exposition is an incredible method to know where you may have gone wrong.</p><p></p><p>Essay tests are valuable for most understudies. For the individuals who plan on presenting their expositions to a proofreader, having some free composing tests is a necessity.</p><p></p><p>It's actually very basic. Most editors will have the option to flexibly the necessary examples for your paper just as help you with other altering skills.</p><p></p><p>Once you're finished with your exposition, the editorial manager will have the option to give you productive analysis. What's more, you won't need to pay that person in light of the fact tha t these administrations are offered by various journalists for various services.</p><p></p><p>So when you present your work to a proofreader, the individual in question is utilizing an outsider to peruse your past work. The person would then be able to assist you with pushing ahead and sharpen your abilities as a writer.</p><p></p><p>There are a great deal of points of interest to utilizing these examples for paper, since it sets aside you cash, yet in addition since it offers you a chance to improve your aptitudes. It resembles utilizing a coach who can call attention to botches you may have made in the past that could have turned out worse.</p>

Some Biology Topics For Research Paper

Some Biology Topics For Research PaperFinding good biology topics for a research paper is usually pretty straight forward, and not all that challenging. What follows are some examples of topics that you may find useful and how to approach them.Plant Biology is a good biology topic for a research paper and can cover quite a few different areas of study. For example, what would you do if your only knowledge of a plant came from photosynthesis and how plants use sunlight to produce food? This type of topic can focus on many different aspects of the plants themselves, and is a great area to start with.Another good biology topics for a research paper is evolution. With this subject area, it is important to point out that there are many different versions of evolution, and that many theories of evolution have been disproved by some of its most famous proponents. It is also worth pointing out that the theory of evolution is a poorly defined concept, and that this makes its progress in study all the more difficult. Nevertheless, there are still many biologists today who study this subject matter.Ecological Biology is another great topic for a research paper, and is a good subject for several different areas of study. With this type of topic, you could cover the various aspects of many different ecological systems or study an entire ecosystem, and its processes. By going into depth on each ecological system, you will be able to better predict what may happen in that particular system, and thus be better able to help your students understand the concepts of ecological systems.Evolution is a great topic for a research paper, but it is important to keep in mind that the subject is also very controversial. This makes it important to discuss the complexities of the subject itself, and the controversial aspects that surround it. This is why any discussion of evolution should come with the full disclaimer that there are many different viewpoints on the subject.Another one of t he best topics for a research paper is related to conservation biology. The subject revolves around the study of animals and the habitats that they depend on for survival. This can be very relevant to a student's education and can greatly expand their understanding of the importance of this type of topic.In addition to these topics, the environment is another topic that can be covered in a research paper, and therefore has quite a few good biology topics for a research paper. This subject area involves studying the effects of weather, pollution, and other environmental factors on the animal kingdom. This can include anything from a small species like a butterfly to the extinction of the dinosaurs.Now that you have seen some examples of good biology topics for a research paper, you can look at other options when compiling your topic list. You should consider what your topic area is, and what types of material are available in this field. You should then be able to write the appropria te research paper.

Discover The STAAR Essay 2020 9th Grade Writing Sample

<h1>Discover The STAAR Essay 2020 ninth Grade Writing Sample</h1><p>The STAAR Essay 2020 ninth grade Writing Sample gives another approach to hone your composing aptitudes. Utilizing this understudy asset, you can tweak the aptitudes you have to turn into an extraordinary author. The STAAR Essay is a progressive technique to compose the best articles in the world.</p><p></p><p>Writing a paper isn't simple. Regardless of whether you are the most practiced author on the planet, you can't expect the individual perusing your article to comprehend it the manner in which you do. There are in every case a few themes that are difficult to comprehend, and with the STAAR Essay, you can find support from the specialists. On the off chance that you realize how to utilize the Essay well, it can make you probably the best author around.</p><p></p><p>The STAAR Essay offers you new chances to hone your composing abilities. This task a ttempts to concentrate on you by giving you magnificent composing tests that are accessible on the web. These examples offer you much all the more composing tests that you can use to sharpen your aptitudes further.</p><p></p><p>You can peruse the most recent composing tests and locate the correct composing point for the undertaking. By utilizing the examples you can likewise show signs of improvement proposals on the most proficient method to make your composing progressively compelling. These exercises can work to cause you to be progressively proficient in the class and dazzle your professors.</p><p></p><p>When you are taking your finals, you will feel the advantages of STAAR. Rather than simply experiencing notes, you can really give an increasingly proficient presentation. You can likewise utilize the assets accessible. You will figure out how to hone your composing abilities while utilizing the more contemporary resources.</p&g t;<p></p><p>STAAR Essay 2020is a course intended to upgrade your aptitudes and assist you with arriving at your scholastic objectives. It gives you a scope of research tips and causes you see how to examine a subject viably. These thoughts will assist you with composing the best articles in the world.</p><p></p><p>Finally, the STAAR Essay gives you new chances to sharpen your composing aptitudes. You can figure out how to alter your own composition so it can breeze through the assessment. With the STAAR Essay, you can hone your abilities so you can make paramount expositions that will without a doubt dazzle the judges.</p>

Research Paper Topics: Food Technology

<h1>Research Paper Topics: Food Technology</h1><p>Many colleges and research establishments offer research paper subjects that relate to food innovation. A portion of the territories that are considered incorporate the creation of new nourishments, process improvement and application, creation and handling of food, and different materials utilized in food processing.</p><p></p><p>The food industry incorporates both household and imported groceries. Numerous countries around the globe are worried about the impacts of the abuse of pesticides, manures, anti-toxins, synthetic compounds, and hormones on the advancement of their youngsters. They likewise comprehend that sound living is a significant piece of life. Along these lines, their legislatures attempt to give a valiant effort to give sheltered and quality groceries to their citizens.</p><p></p><p>A great investigation of the food business can support specialists and college teachers comprehend the basics of how this industry functions. The food business not just gives the food to the every day dinners yet in addition for day by day utilization by the individuals. Subsequently, one has to know the various viewpoints that make up the food industry.</p><p></p><p>The most importantly thing to know is the names of certain food items. An extremely regular thing in the field of food innovation is that a similar staple that is named contrastingly in various nations might be additionally named as the equivalent in some other countries.</p><p></p><p>The next activity is to become familiar with the procedures engaged with the creation procedure. Every nation has its own unmistakable strategy for delivering staples. This might be founded on topographical area, accessibility of the crude materials and atmosphere and so on. The strategy for assembling may vary from that of some other countries.</p><p&g t;</p><p>The following stage is to find out about the material utilized in food handling. The normal things utilized incorporate water, salt, sugar, chemicals, flavors, and different creature items. Every one of these fixings has its own particular usage.</p><p></p><p>Finally, food innovation depends on the advancement of solid living. It is critical to comprehend the components of nourishment and wellbeing so as to advance sound living. Sound living isn't just a matter of what one eats and beverages yet additionally incorporates physical exercises, business related issues and stress reduction.</p><p></p><p>We all realize that with regards to food, the wellbeing of the eater is significant. A great many people have been rehearsing acceptable dietary patterns and this might be an aftereffect of a solid will and great dietary patterns. Studies on food innovation can support scientists and scholastics better comprehend the job that food plays in the human body and mental health.</p>

How to Find a College Research Paper For Sale

<h1>How to Find a College Research Paper For Sale</h1><p>Are you thinking about what the hell to do when you go over a school look into paper available to be purchased? Assuming this is the case, at that point this article was composed for you. It will give you a few thoughts and tips on the most proficient method to approach getting one and really polishing it off. All things considered, this can be a serious endeavor for any first time school researcher.</p><p></p><p>You should consider what you are really searching for when you take a gander at a school look into paper available to be purchased. Is it going to be for a college, a little school or a huge organization? The field that you are in will hugy affect what research paper available to be purchased is best for you.</p><p></p><p>Do you truly have the opportunity to finish a school look into paper available to be purchased? You may say as much, yet you should as k yourself whether you really have the opportunity or the tendency. On the off chance that you don't have the opportunity, at that point perhaps you could discover somebody who does. That would be a decent choice on the off chance that you were up for it.</p><p></p><p>Is there anything on the paper that you need to change? You might be searching for a specific certainty that isn't exact, or the exploration that is introduced is imperfect. In any case, ensure that you have inquired about this before you buy. You would prefer not to wind up with a paper that will be pointless to you in the long run.</p><p></p><p>If you are searching for a school inquire about paper available to be purchased and you are in desperate need of one, at that point you have a few alternatives open to you. The most ideal approach to get the data that you have to finish the paper is via looking through on the web. There are various diverse research papers availab le to be purchased that you can discover on the web, so ensure that you search everywhere throughout the internet.</p><p></p><p>Of course, nowadays, you can even discover a school inquire about paper available to be purchased by searching for them on Craigslist, an online classifieds site. The way that there are these sites accessible makes finding a school look into paper available to be purchased that a lot simpler. Look on gatherings just as conversation gatherings to discover these sites. You may be astonished at what you find, so you should utilize these assets as well.</p><p></p><p>Once you have discovered a couple of sites that have an examination paper available to be purchased, at that point you should then contact the organization or individual that claims the site and attempt to orchestrate an opportunity to see the exploration paper available to be purchased. Contingent upon the size of the school, you should inquire as to whether they could meet with you.</p><p></p><p>College examine paper available to be purchased isn't something that you can manage without. It will be a genuine assistance to you as you move in the direction of getting a degree.</p>

Is It Right To Get Custom Essay Writing Service?

<h1>Is It Right To Get Custom Essay Writing Service?</h1><p>Custom exposition composing administration is the better approach to create a quality, one of a kind and altered item. Composing an exploration paper is perhaps the least demanding activity on the planet and there are a lot of journalists who can compose it for you. Notwithstanding, the expenses of such assistance are so much that it is never a shrewd decision for everyone.</p><p></p><p>Now, we can ask ourselves whether we ought to go for a custom paper composing administration or not? On the off chance that you are an ordinary individual and consistently need some new thoughts, an essayist administration would be an extraordinary thought for you. There are numerous individuals who need crisp, energizing thoughts and are anxious to submit them for endorsement by the college.</p><p></p><p>Students and school teachers, who would prefer not to burn through their time composing papers, decide on this administration. They can have their expositions looked into and composed by the specific help and put together by them. The cost of this administration is truly moderate and anybody can stand to utilize it.</p><p></p><p>People who need to improve their investigation aptitudes can do as such by accomplishing unique research work. In such a situation, the composing administration can be exceptionally valuable. The examination and the exposition, which you submit for the endorsement of the school, would be tweaked by your requirements.</p><p></p><p>Now, you should realize that a custom article administration is generally useful in the event that you would need to compose an article, a scholarly paper or even an article. These exposition composing administrations deal with all the questions and inconveniences emerging out of composing an essay.</p><p></p><p>If you are an underst udy, at that point you should realize that doing research isn't simple particularly on the off chance that you are curious about the subject. Hence, in the event that you are somebody who is doing research for this reason, you should choose an assistance like this. This administration is so significant on the grounds that it will help youto look into appropriately about the subject.</p><p></p><p>As we as a whole know, one of the hardest piece of research is that you have to recollect what was what, what occurred and what's going on now. You ought to select custom exposition composing administration on the off chance that you might want to help your insight level on a specific subject.</p>

High Quality Term Papers

<h1>High Quality Term Papers</h1><p>It is essential to have top notch research projects, particularly in the event that you are an understudy or an instructor. This is a sort of paper that will be required for a long time to come so as to finish your tests or even to improve your general evaluations. So ensure that you settle on the correct decision with regards to this sort of paper.</p><p></p><p>There are specific sorts of research projects that are consistently popular. For instance, there are regular sorts like exposition papers that should be edited and altered a great deal before they can be utilized. Indeed, a teacher or a mentor will never let you utilize the paper except if it has been totally edited.</p><p></p><p>The Essay paper is one of the most utilized kinds of research projects. This is normally reviewed by the educators on a specific premise. You can either get an evaluation that has no point for finish ing the task, an evaluation that will have focuses relegated dependent on how well you dealt with the undertaking, or a specific evaluation that might be higher dependent on the specific sythesis of the paper.</p><p></p><p>The article ought to have a legitimate parity of structure and substance. This is the reason it is constantly prescribed that you take as much time as necessary to settle on the best decision when you are composing an exposition. It is an undertaking that can be exceptionally requesting and you should take as much time as is needed when you are accomplishing the work. You likewise need to guarantee that you have a decent information about syntax and a decent order over the English language.</p><p></p><p>If you don't deal with these things, you could wind up losing a great deal of focuses and should shun composing a scholastic paper on the off chance that you are uncertain of what to do. Moreover, there are sure artic le subjects that can't be dealt with by a typical individual and consequently can't be imparted to simply anybody. This will permit you to be instructed on what to compose and how to write so as to give yourself the most ideal opportunities to pass the assignment.</p><p></p><p>One of the most ideal approaches to have an effective scholastic paper is to concentrate on the principle subject of the paper. It ought to be your theme since this is the subject that most understudies discover simple to handle. This will assist you with focusing on the real point that will be your core interest. Ensure that you don't set aside a lot of effort to rework the article and ought not invest all your energy into composing an exposition that will have better odds of being acknowledged by the professor.</p><p></p><p>Remember that the scholastic research papers that you compose will keep going for a long time so ensure that you settle on the best choice with respect to what you will utilize. On the off chance that you decide to utilize various sorts of research projects, guarantee that you check with the specialists. They will have the option to give you the best proposals with the goal that you can focus on the best things that you have to write.</p><p></p><p>High quality research papers are not hard to do but rather you have to ensure that you deal with the angles referenced above so as to guarantee that you get a passing mark. This will be the best thing that you can accomplish in the event that you truly need to get a high evaluation for your term papers.</p>

Free Sample Essay About Us Congress

Free Sample Essay About Us CongressThere are free sample essays that are written by congressional staffers. These may be used as the basis for your own writing projects. Be sure to take the time to look at the sample so that you will know how to customize it to suit your particular needs.Whether you are looking for a particular issue that might need attention or a particularly thoughtful solution, the authors of the free sample could address a variety of issues relating to the primary policy issues of the day. For example, an author might focus on privacy issues that relate to both private and public activity. In addition, the same authors might write about issues pertaining to a particular presidential candidate.The free sample may provide solutions for a variety of problems. For example, an author might address problems in education that relate to child obesity, school funding, standardized testing, and the use of the Internet as a tool for instruction. A member of Congress might a ddress issues regarding tax rates and the taxes themselves. It is important to remember that many of these ideas will not be new to the members of Congress.As with any essay, these samples can be useful for a very useful introduction to the subject matter. In addition, these samples provide an introduction to the most important ideas for any legislator. Remember that these samples provide a starting point to help guide the writer through the process of developing a strong presentation.When writing these samples, you may want to consider the length and tone that you wish to use. For example, if you are writing about the common cause of all lawmakers, the free sample might be more appropriate than the novel level essay. On the other hand, if you want to write a descriptive essay on the Internet, the sample may be a better option than the current situation.Thebest way to write the free sample is to pick a topic that interests you and find a professional who can provide assistance in de veloping your own outline. You should also consider interviewing current lawmakers for insights on the issues that are of greatest interest to them. Of course, it is never too late to discover the perspective of the other side to present a balanced analysis.In addition, you should avoid using jargon as much as possible when writing the essay. If you are not comfortable using slang or acronyms, it is a good idea to seek help from an expert. When writing an essay for Congress, it is important to avoid writing from a strictly political perspective.With the help of a professional, you should be able to produce an essay for Congress that is designed to help solve a problem. Most of the writers who can be found in some form on the Internet will be available to provide assistance. Remember that writing for Congress requires some specific skills.

Why Absolutely Everybody Is Talking About College Level Research Paper Topics and What You Need to Do

<h1> Why Absolutely Everybody Is Talking About College Level Research Paper Topics and What You Need to Do</h1> <h2>What Does College Level Research Paper Topics Mean? </h2> <p>The whole research ought to be developed around or from this issue. You should be sure to comprehend everything unmistakably once you select an exposition point. The point must be fascinating, the theme must be fundamental lastly the subject must be enlightening. There are a few interesting subjects that could be become a convincing paper on the off chance that you accept the open door to consider doing it. </p> <h2> Top Choices of College Level Research Paper Topics </h2> <p>If you need to compose just a solitary paper at the finish of the period, you can inhale out since you are honored. The end gives the general decision of the contention. The need to make solid contentions in the paper probably won't be as simple as non-authors would think. A heavenly p ostulation explanation communicates your take or assessment and your decision about this issue. </p> <p>Research the following subjects and figure out which one could best suit your needs. The two choices aren't adequate on the grounds that it will be hard to pick the best writing. You should discover the examination to show your supposition is the correct perspective on the point. Pick the subject you'd prefer to explore about in your work. </p> <p>When you're composing your examination paper's presentation, you should fabricate it around a specific diagram that provisions a general audit of the paper. A proposition article is very clear to grasp. You need to see totally that you're not composing an elucidating article. A pugnacious paper is a sure kind of scholastic composition. </p> <h2> The Nuiances of College Level Research Paper Topics </h2> <p>There's notable that you won't can compose an incredible astute research paper in case you're not inspired by the subject by and large and in the subject especially. The examples we have on our site can help in the collection of the best research paper points for undergrads. A conventional subject is bound to put your teacher to rest. </p> <h2>What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About College Level Research Paper Topics </h2> <p>You need to compose a minumum of one research paper in a semester for almost all the subjects. The staff should be persuaded that the theme you have chosen is identified with the instructional class. The numerous years they've spent composing school papers for understudies enable them with to flexibly staggering papers. In the event that you are confused about settling on a theme for investigate paper, you need to initially look for counsel from your school employees. </p> <p>If you choose a point that is expansive, general or normally utilized, it won't just motivation your researching to procure troublesome yet additionally it will be not ready to leave an uncommon and enduring impact on your educator. When you start school, sooner or later, you're probably going to need to form a substantial research paper. In the event that you like science, you're ensured to talk relentless about it. </p> <p>Students can't pick the absolute first thought they see on the web or in the print media it's tied in with picking incredible research paper subjects on the pertinent troubles. Research paper points on Business will help you in discovering great proposals to form your exploration about. Research paper themes on Marketing will re-new your proposals and give a couple of significant indication on the plausible subjects you could pick for your paper. Research paper subjects on English Literature will give you new plans to use in your paper. </ p> <p>Make the utilization of the recommended inquire about paper point thoughts and you'll be prosperous. On the off chance that you burrow further, you will see different topographical issues that can form into a perfect theme for your examination paper. After the theme is picked, it is useful to make a layout so you could see whether you have adequate data for good-organized research paper. Much the same as any examination paper article, the most significant issue is to develop your subject and paper with the vigorous proof. </p> <h2> What You Should Do to Find Out About College Level Research Paper Topics Before You're Left Behind</h2> <p>The overall population school is effectively the most evident first option for some families. be that as it may, it's additionally one that can cause them a lot of concerns. You are probably going to need to acknowledge how you'll do a great deal riding in school. For certain understudies, an assortment of point is the least demanding part. The manners in which understudies should be educated about their prosperity. </p> <h2> Facts, Fiction and College Level Research Paper Topics </h2> <p>Well, basically by virtue of the basic certainty your exploration and composing spins around the point which you've picked. Find intriguing realities you could upgrade your bit of composing. Understand that article themes are simply essential thoughts that leave you contemplating an idea that may be a colossal arrangement to someone else. So once you select your instructive discourse subject, don't pick something your crowd will moan about at whatever point they hear it! </p> <h2> The New Fuss About College Level Research Paper Topics </h2> <p>The government should support vagrants and ladies financially recover. You should think about an idea and offer some proof. Make rules of what you might want to do in your exploration. It's similarly not proficient to do an e xcessive amount of research before you really comprehend what you're looking for. </p>

Writing Sample - Contrast Sentences

<h1>Writing Sample - Contrast Sentences</h1><p>The rundown of composing tests of determination passages for a think about and contra exercise is broad. The principle classes are story investigation, topic, reflection, and evaluation.</p><p></p><p>The distinction between a theory articulation and a differentiation proclamation is the utilization of difference. Conversely sentences, at least one words are utilized to balance one thought with another. The complexity, notwithstanding, must not resemble saying that one thought is superior to another, for it isn't evident that either is better than the other.</p><p></p><p>Contrast in a composing test is utilized to show that two thoughts have something to offer about one another. The better the difference, the more genuine the contention becomes. To exhibit this, consider a plot line. One thought is to execute all the malevolent individuals, another is to set up a super cove rt agent office to shield the individuals from this shrewdness scheme.</p><p></p><p>To exhibit the distinction between a postulation articulation and a complexity proclamation, you may utilize a similar case of a kid's advancement in math however have the end to be: 'Yet on the off chance that you show him (the kid) how to utilize numbers accurately, he will have the option to go out into the world and have any kind of effect!' This could be thought of as a differentiation explanation, yet you can make it sound substantially more genuine by the utilization of a component of contrast.</p><p></p><p>Another case of a difference sentence is story examination. In a story investigation, there is something fascinating about a character that interests the peruser. The complexity is the enthusiasm for the character. Also, on the off chance that the character is very much grown, at that point the peruser can anticipate seeing what else is being added to the story.</p><p></p><p>The last of the classifications is the topic. The differentiation between two topics is to perceive how they interrelate. The distinction in these models is that one is making a difference sentence and the other is utilizing a subject. For this situation, you could utilize a complexity sentence like, 'Mrs. Stevens composes articles about private company and how to prevail throughout everyday life,' and afterward include the words 'and how to prevail throughout everyday life' toward the finish of the sentence.</p><p></p><p>Another approach to utilize differentiate is because of an inquiry that has been posed. An author may utilize a differentiation articulation, for example, 'as such, with regards to this story, which truly had any kind of effect?' Although this model could be perused as a postulation proclamation, it could likewise be perused as a subject statement.</p><p></p><p> The most significant thing to recall about complexity explanations is that they should be a piece of a fair sentence. The composed word ought to be in concordance with the essayist's other writing.</p>

Topic Topics on Gun Control

Topic Topics on Gun ControlIf you want to write an argumentative essay on gun control, then you need to choose topic topics that are logically based and meaningful. Here are three topic topics you can use for this purpose.The first of these topic topics is the argumentative essay on gun ownership. This is a good topic because it relates to something real. Of course, you will not want to be critical of gun ownership because this is what Americans love to do. Rather, you should point out the logical flaws in the argument against gun ownership.The second of these topic topics on gun control is the argumentative essay on firearms. People who buy guns to protect themselves or to hunt are often confused by the confusing talk of guns being dangerous. Of course, people who purchase guns for these reasons probably buy them for the wrong reasons. For example, they might think that the sight of someone running towards them with a gun scares away would-be assailants. In other words, some people buy guns for the wrong reasons.Therefore, the argumentative essay on firearms will need to address the fact that guns have been used to hurt innocent people. That is, if you are going to deal with this subject at all. You will also need to mention the logical flaws in arguments against the ownership of guns by people who have never handled one. Because it is impossible to provide a convincing response to every single argument, you will need to select a handful of them to address.The third of these topic topics on gun control is the argumentative essay on guns. People who own guns should be able to defend themselves with those guns. But there are cases where guns are not so available to the public. As a result, people without guns could be hurt in the process of defending themselves. That is why you need to talk about how guns affect people in general.These topic topics on gun control cover common sense laws on carrying guns. Some people think that having a gun makes people more secu re. However, a crime such as burglary could happen without someone having a gun. The police could be called, but if no one has a gun then there is no way to help defend the victim.So, when you write your argumentative essay on gun control, you need to point out how having a gun can make the situation worse. You must be specific in your answers. For example, if you want to write an argumentative essay on gun control about robberies, you should talk about how having a gun makes a victim a target. You should also include the number of robberies that are committed each year by guns.The point is that you should not limit yourself to the argumentative essay on gun control. Instead, use these topic topics to get a broader picture of the subject. In order to do this, though, you must have researched the topic.

What Are the Best Essay Samples For Free?

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What Was the American Diet Like 50 Years Ago Free Essays

string(67) " and used almost twice as much cooking fat and oil as women today\." at was the I. What was the American diet like 50 years ago? a) Over the past 50 years, American diets have changed from leisurely family meals that were usually prepared at home using natural ingredients to today’s prepackaged, processed and convenience foods that are often eaten on the run with little thought towards nutrition or content. b) American diets have evolved in the last 50 years from natural ingredients to processed, high fat ingredients and will continue in the future to include convenience foods but with a greater emphasis on healthier choices. We will write a custom essay sample on What Was the American Diet Like 50 Years Ago or any similar topic only for you Order Now ) This wasn’t always the case. â€Å"Fifty years ago, people sitting down to a meal were simply looking for something hot, filling and, in most cases, inexpensive† (Heymsfield 142). c) Throughout the century, Americans experimented with various diets. d) In the 1950s, Adele Davis published a cookbook exploring a healthy approach to food. e) In the 1960s, there was a movement to use unprocessed food, natural ingredients and macrobiotic cooking (Klem 439). f) The notion of a balanced diet was still quite abstract. ii) People weren’t as well informed about nutrition as they are today. ) While nutritional research was revealing new information about everyday foods, the American household underwent an important structural shift (Klem 438). h) In the 1940s and 1950s women began to enter the workplace in large numbers, it was then that the country became caught up in an explosion of convenience items. iii) Time for food preparation became more limited, and the industry responded with a wide variety of pre-packaged foods. iv) Products like Bisquick, Spam, instant oatmeal, canned tomato sauce and pre-sliced American cheese began to appear (Klem 438). ) By the 1950s, the refrigerator had replaced the old-fashioned icebox and the cold cellar as a place to store food. v) Refrigeration, because it allowed food to last longer, made the American kitchen a convenient place to maintain readily available food stocks (Heymsfield 144). vi) This also allowed for pre-prepared foods such as TV dinners, which became very popular. j) Swanson’s was one of the first TV dinners, which came out during this time. k) Frozen dinners and fast food chains arose and became a growing trend. vii) Meals became quick and simple. viii) People started eating things for taste and popularity, not for ealth reasons. l) In the 1960s and 1970s, when nutritional research really began to gain the nation’s attention, food manufacturers started to offer options that were bot h quick and health- conscious. ix) Instant orange juice and vitamin-fortified cereals appeared (Klem 440). m) Cereals came out to make people eat more grains, but over the years, large companies have decided that to make their cereal sell, they have to make it taste better. x) They added things like sugar, candy pieces, chocolate flavors, and numerous other things which are high in calories and high in fat in order to make their product taste better. i) This has made the idea of something healthy turn in to something less healthy over the years. n) The movement toward convenience finally caught up with movement toward healthy eating. o) This represents a drastic change from the 1950s, when people ate far more of their meals at home, with their families, and at a leisurely pace. p) â€Å"A hundred years ago there was no such thing as a snack food—nothing you could pop open and overeat,† says Mollie Katzen, author of The Moosewood Cookbook and many others, and a consulta nt to Harvard Dining Services. ii) â€Å"There were stew pots. Things took a long time to cook, and a meal was the result of someone’s labor. † q) The 1950s were also an era in which the kitchen—not the television room—was the heart of the home. r) In 1941, the federal government established the first Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), and the concept of basic food groups was introduced. xiii) This period was also the â€Å"golden age for food chemicals† with hundreds of additives and preservatives brought to market for the first time. ) Convenience was most important, and by the 1950s, a large variety of convenience foods made meal preparation easier than ever before. t) Advancements in technology also led to faster meal preparation. u) During the late 50s and 1960s, American’s attitudes towards nutrition changed as scientific research and other factors combined to heighten awareness. v) In 1959 came the discovery that eating polyunsatu rated fats might lower serum cholesterol. xiv) This was followed in 1961 by further evidence linking cholesterol with arteriosclerosis. ) By 1962, nearly 25% of American families said they had made dietary changes that included less cholesterol. x) That same year, Rachel Carson’s book, Silent Spring, provided fodder for the debate concerning the possibility of synthetic chemicals reaching humans through the food chain. xv) There was controversy about food chemicals in general, and the modern consumer movement was launched in 1965 following publication of Ralph Nader’s book Unsafe At Any Speed. y) 50 years ago women still managed to burn up many more calories than their counterparts today. vi) Research suggests the housework and general exercise that stay-at-home housewives did in 1953 were more successful at shedding the pounds. z) The mothers and grandmothers of today’s generation burnt well in excess of 1,000 calories a day through their domesticated lifestyle , according to the study by the woman’s magazine Prima. xvii) But females today get through only 556, even though seven in ten think they are healthier than the post-war generation. {) Modern women also consume a lot more calories, 2,178 a day now as opposed to 1,818 then. viii) This could be down to eating more junk food, the study suggested, as women in 1953 were more likely to cook meals from scratch with a mixture of ingredients. |) Not everything in ‘the old days’ appears to have been healthier, according to Prima, which compared the lifestyles of women in 1953 and those of today. xix) They would often eat twice as many eggs and used almost twice as much cooking fat and oil as women today. You read "What Was the American Diet Like 50 Years Ago" in category "Papers" xx) They also ate more sugar and less chicken. }) Most meals were served with vegetables, although it was more likely to be swede, turnips and sprouts rather than the aubergines, mange- tout or ro cket favored today. ) Appliances such as washing machines and dishwashers have also played their part in reducing the amount of calories burned, the research showed. xxi) Women in 1953 would spend three hours a day doing the housework, an hour walking to and from the shops in the town center, an hour on the shopping itself and another hour making dinner. ) Many had lunch to prepare, too, as many husbands came home to eat in the middle of the day. ) More calories would have been burned, of course, walking the children to and from school, since the family car was still a rarity. Today, women drive, rather than walk, have freezers, which mean fewer shopping trips, and use supermarkets, which provide everything under one roof. xxii) It is all a far cry from 50 years ago when they would have to traipse between the butcher’s, to the baker’s, the greengrocer’s and other specialist stores. ) Women 50 years ago didn’t, however, have the benefit of 45 minutes on t he treadmill or an evening class in Pilates. xxiii) In 1953, their idea of relaxation was listening to Housewives’ Choice while they washed up the breakfast things or Mrs. Dale’s Diary when they stopped to enjoy tea and a biscuit for elevenses. ) The children needed playing with, too, as few families had a TV set to keep them quiet. xxiv) Evening entertainment involved listening to the radio again, curling up with a book or playing board games. xxv) And in a less disposable age there was always plenty of darning and mending to do by the fire. ) Prima editor Maire Fahey said the magazine decided to study the contrasting lifestyles following an earlier survey, which revealed how today’s women were neglecting their health. xvi) ‘It is telling that modern technology has made us two-thirds less active than we were. It goes to show the importance of exercise in the battle to maintain a healthy balance. ‘ ) Exercise and diet are not the only things to radically change over the last half-century. xxvii) Fitness and nutrition in the United States have changed tremendously in the past five decades. ) Cutting calories and exercise was th e most popular method of weight loss 50 years ago. xxviii) Some fad diets such as the Mayo Clinic diet–created in the 1930’s–were existent, but not the most common option in weight loss. II. Where do most of our foods come from other than America? a) Here in the US, we have several key issues. b) Specifically, every year we produce less and less of the food that our ever-growing population needs. c) There’s one word that sums up nearly everything we need to know about the food industry in the United States: conglomeration. d) According to the USDA, only about 1/3 of our fruit and nuts and 1/8 of our vegetables are imported. i) About two-thirds of those imports occur during the months of December to April, showing a strong seasonal component to it. ) Mexico is far and away our biggest supplier of fruits and vegetables, taking the top spot in both categories by about a 2-to-1 margin over 2nd place. f) Canada takes 2nd place in vegetables with China a distant third. (Note that these are in dollar figures, not volume, but the relationships should hold when converted. ) g) In the fruit category, most of it comes from Central and South America, with only China (4th) to break up the Top 6 of Mexico, Chile, Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Ecuador. ) The US actually does produce most of its own red meat. i) As of 2008, only about 10% of our red meat was imported, predominantly from Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. j) Fish and shellfish are our major protein imports, with nearly 80% of those being imported. k) Most of that comes from China, Canada, and Thailand. l) There is one bright spot here: most of the food Americans consume is still produced here. i. Currently, between 10 and 15 percent of all food consumed by U. S. households is imported. m) According to the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), nearly two-thirds of the fruits and vegetables and 80 percent of seafood consumed domestically come from outside the United States. n) On the other hand, we are seeing a marked increase in imports over time. o) According to USDA data, from 1999 to 2010, there was a 43. 25% increase in import volume (111% increase on a dollar basis). ii. Population growth is a partial contributor, but in that same time period, the US population only increased about 10%. p) The top three countries that we import from are Canada, Mexico, and China. iii. We are actually Mexico’s largest trading partners, buying 77% of their exports. q) From 1995 to 2006, imports from China grew five-fold: r) According to the U. S. Department of Agriculture, the United States imported $4. 1 billion worth of seafood and agricultural products from China in 2006. iv. In 1995, it was $800 million. v. From 2006 to 2008, it went up another 25%. s) In 2008, Chinese imports reached $5. 2 billion, making China the third-largest source of U. S. food imports. About 41 percent of this import value was from fish and seafood, most of it farm-raised. Juices and pickled, dried, and canned vegetables, and fruit accounted for the other 25 percent. vi. According to the USDA, about 60 percent of all American apple juice, 50 percent of garlic, 10 percent of shrimp and 2 percent of catfish are imported from China. III. How has the typical American diet changed our health and affected rates of disease in this country? a) The sedentary 20th-century lifestyle and work habits brought its own unpleasant consequences, which were overeating and excess weight. a) The number of overweight Americans increased from 1970 to 1990 (Klem 440). ) By the 1990s, Americans had become more conscious of their diets, eating more poultry, fish, and fresh fruits and vegetables and fewer eggs and less beef. ii) They also began appreciating fresh ingredients. c) As Americans became more concerned about their diets, they also became more ecologically conscious. iii) Some Americans turned to vegan or vegetarian diets, or only started eating organic foods, which ar e foods grown without chemical fertilizers or pesticides. d) At the end of the 20th century, American eating habits and food production were increasingly taking place outside the home. v) Many people relied on restaurants and on new types of fully prepared meals to help busy families in which both adults worked full-time. e) Another sign of the public’s changing food habits was the microwave oven, probably the most widely used new kitchen appliance, since it can quickly reheat or cook food and leftovers. v) Since Americans are generally cooking less of their own food, they are more aware than at any time since the early 20th century of the quality and health standards applied to food (Heymsfield 147). ) Two-thirds of American adults are overweight, and half of these are obese. (Overweight means having a body mass index, or BMI, of 25 or greater, obese, 30 or greater: to calculate BMI, a widely used measure, take the square of your height in inches and then divide your weight, in pounds, by that number; then multiply the result by 703. g) Even adults in the upper end of the â€Å"normal† range, who have BMIs of 22 to 24, would generally live longer if they lost some fat; add in these people and it appears that â€Å"up to 80 percent of American adults should weigh less than they do,† says Walter C. Willett, M. D. , D. P. H. ’80, Stare professor of epidemiology and nutrition at the School of Public Health. h) The epidemic of obesity is a vast and growing public health problem. i) He notes that three aspects of weight—BMI, waist size, and weight gained after one’s early twenties—are linked to chances of having or dying from heart disease, strokes and other cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and several types of cancer, plus suffering from arthritis, infertility, gallstones, asthma, and even snoring. i) â€Å"Weight is much more important than serum cholesterol,† Willett asserts; as a cause of premature, preventable deaths, he adds, excess weight and obesity rank a very close second to smoking, partly because there are twice as many fat people as smokers. vii) In fact, since smokers tend to be leaner, the decrease in smoking prevalence has actually swelled the ranks of the fat. j) The obesity epidemic arrived with astonishing speed. k) In 1980, 4 6 percent of U. S. adults were overweight; by 2000, the figure was 64. 5 percent: nearly a 1 percent annual increases in the ranks of the fat. iii) At this rate, by 2040, 100 percent of American adults will be overweight and â€Å"it may happen more quickly,† says John Foreyt of Baylor College of Medicine, who spoke at a conference organized by Gifford’s Oldways group in 2003. l) Foreyt noted that, 20 years ago, he rarely saw 300-pound patients; now they are common. m) Childhood obesity, also once rare, has mushroomed: 15 percent of children between ages six and 19 are now overweight, and even 10 percent of those between two and five. ix) â€Å"This may be the first generation of children who will die before their parents,† Foreyt says. ) Today, Americans eat 200 calories more food energy per day than they did 10 years ago; that alone would add 20 pounds annually to one’s bulk. o) A recent paper in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition argued that th e poor tend toward greater obesity because eating energy-dense, highly palatable, refined foods is cheaper per calorie consumed than buying fish and fresh fruits and vegetables. x) One explanation for our slide into overconsumption is that â€Å"the character of modern Americans is somehow inherently weak and we are incapable of discipline,† says Ludwig. i) â€Å"The food industry would love to explain obesity as a problem of personal responsibility, since it takes the onus off them for marketing fast food, soft drinks, and other high-calorie, low-quality products. † p) Never in human experience has food been available in the staggering profusion seen in North America today. xii) We are awash in edibles shipped in from around the planet; seasonality has largely disappeared. q) Food obtrudes itself constantly, seductively, into our lives—on sidewalks, in airplanes, at gas stations and movie theaters. iii) â€Å"Caloric intake is directly related to gross nationa l product per capita,† says Moore professor of biological anthropology Richard Wrangham. xiv) â€Å"It’s very difficult to resist the temptation to take in more calories if they are available. r) People keep regarding it as an American problem, but it’s a global problem as countries get richer. † s) Still, the lavish banquet’s first seating is right here in the United States of America. t) â€Å"The French explanation for why Americans are so big is simple,† said Jody Adams, chef/partner of Rialto, a restaurant in Harvard Square, speaking at the Oldways conference. v) â€Å"We eat lots of sugar, and we eat between meals. u) Indeed, the national response to our glut of comestibles is apparently to eat only one meal a day—all day long. xvi) We eat everywhere and at all times: at work, at play, and in transit. v) But the most powerful technology driving the obesity epidemic is television. xvii) â€Å"The best single behavioral predictor of obesity in children and adults is the amount of television viewing,† says the School of Public Health’s Gortmaker. w) â€Å"The relationship is nearly as strong as what you see between smoking and lung cancer. viii) Everybody thinks it’s because TV watching is sedentary, you’re just sitting there for hours—but that’s only about one-third of the effect. xix) Our guesstimate is that two-thirds is the effect of advertising in changing what you eat. † x) Furthermore, in some future year when the Internet merges with broadband cable TV, advertisers will be able to target their messages far more precisely. â€Å"It won’t be just to kids,† Gortmaker says. â€Å"It’ll be to your kid. † y) Since the Industrial Revolution, and particularly in the last half-century, technology has enabled us to conduct an increasingly immobile daily life. ) Even a century later, before the invention of the automobile, many farmed o r at least used their bodies vigorously every day. xx) â€Å"At higher levels of activity, people seem to balance their caloric intake and expenditure extremely well,† he says. xxi) â€Å"If our grandparents were farmers, they were moving all day long—not jogging for an hour, but staying active eight to 12 hours a day. {) The way we do our work has changed, and so has the way we spend our leisure time,† he continues. xxii) â€Å"The average number of television hours watched per week is close to a full-time job! ) People used to go for walks and visit their neighbors. Much of that is gone as well. † xxiii) Not only do many adults spend their work lives in front of computer screens, but also the design of public spaces outside their offices eliminates physical activity. xxiv) In skyscrapers, it’s often hard to find the stairs; electronic sensors in public restrooms are eliminating even the most minimal actions of flushing toilets or turning faucets on and off. }) Furthermore, modern children â€Å"don’t have to forage or walk long distances,† says Lieberman. xv) â€Å"Kids today sit in front of a TV or computer. xxvi) They ride to school on a school bus. xxvii) We even have them rolling their school backpacks on wheels because we are afraid of them overloading their backbones. † ~) In sum, we no longer live like hunter-gatherers, but we still have hunter-gatherer genes. xxviii) Humans evolved in a state of ceaseless physical activity; they ate seasonally, since there was no other choice; and frequently there was nothing to eat at all. ) To get through hard winters and famines, the human body evolved a brilliant mechanism of storing energy in fat cells. The problem, for most of humanity’s time on Earth, has been a scarcity of calories, not a surfeit. ) Our fat-storage mechanism worked beautifully until 50 to 100 years ago. xxix) But since then, â€Å"The speed of environmental change has far surpas sed our ability to adapt,† says Dun Gifford of Oldways. xxx) Our bodies were not designed to handle so much caloric input and so little energy outflow. ) Different scholars and popular writers have argued that human beings have â€Å"evolved† to be carnivores, herbivores, frugivores, or omnivores, but anthropologist Richard Wrangham says we are â€Å"cookivores,† grinning at the neologism. xxi) â€Å"We evolved to eat cooked foods,† he declares. â€Å"Raw food eating is never practiced systematically anywhere in the world. † ) Cooking might be considered the first food-processing technology, and like its successors, it has had profound effects on the human body, as in the growth of bones. ) Various signals influence human growth; some come from genes, and others come from the environment, particularly for the musculo-skeletal system, whose job is engaging with the environment. xxxii) Less chewing of cooked food, for example, has altered the anatomy of our skulls, jaws, faces, and teeth. xxiii) â€Å"Chewing is a major activity that involves muscular forces,† says skeletal biologist Daniel Lieberman. â€Å"It has incredible effects on how the skull grows. † xxxiv) Chewing can transform anatomy rather quickly; in one study, in which Lieberman fed pigs a diet of softened food, in a matter of months their skulls developed shorter and narrower dimensions and their snouts developed thinner bones than those of pigs eating a hard-food diet. ) The same thing happens with human beings. xxxv) â€Å"Since the beginning of the fossil record, humans have become much more gracile,† Lieberman says. xxvi) â€Å"Our bones have become thinner, our faces smaller, and our teeth smaller—especially permanent teeth—although we have the same number of teeth. ) More recently, with the Industrial Revolution, people have become more sedentary; they interact with their environment in a less forceful way. xxxvii) We load our bones less and the bones become thinner. Osteoporosis is a disease of industrialism. † ) In today’s world, where we not only cook but eat a great deal of processed food that has been ground up before it reaches our mouths, we don’t generate as much force when chewing. In fact, for millennia human food has been growing less tough, fibrous, and hard. ) â€Å"The size of the human face has gotten about 12 percent smaller since the Paleolithic,† Lieberman says, â€Å"particularly around the oral cavity, due to the effects of mechanical loading on the size of the face. Fourteen thousand years ago, a much larger proportion of the face was between the bottom of the jaw and the nostrils. † xxxviii) The size of teeth has not decreased as fast (genetic factors control more of their variation); hence, modern teeth are actually too big for our mouths—wisdom teeth become impacted and require extraction. The health hazards of sedentary life seem like an adult problem, but actually, the skeletal system is most responsive to loading when it is immature. xxxix) There is only one window for accumulating bone mass—during the first two decades of life. xl) â€Å"Peak bone mass occurs at the end of adolescence,† Lieberman explains, à ¢â‚¬Å"and we lose bone steadily thereafter. Kids who are active grow more robust bones. ) If you’re sedentary as a juvenile, you don’t grow as much bone mass—so as you get older and lose bone mass, you drop below the threshold for osteoporosis. ) Furthermore, females get osteoporosis more readily than men because they start with less adult bone mass; as life spans lengthen, says research fellow in cell biology Jennifer Sacheck, of Harvard Medical School, older men will also begin showing symptoms of osteoporosis. ) Weight-bearing exercise only slows the rate of bone loss for adults; pre-adolescent bone growth is far more important to long-term skeletal strength. Hence, the sedentary lifestyles of today’s youngsters—and the cutbacks on school physical-education programs—may be sowing the seeds of widespread skeletal breakdown as their cohort matures. The dramatic upsurge in consumption of carbonated soft drinks, paired with the simultaneous d ecline in milk drinking, may also weaken future bones. xli) Both milk (lactose) and soda (sucrose, fructose) are sweet, but soda is sweeter, and today’s consumers are hooked on sugar. xlii) â€Å"We probably evolved our sense of sweetness to detect subtle amounts of carbohydrates in foods, because they provide energy,† says Walter Willett. ) â€Å"But now the expectations of sweetness have been ratcheted up. xliii) A product is not deemed attractive if it is not as sweet as its competitor. ) Sugars added to foods made up 11 percent of the calories in American diets in the late 1970s; today they are 16 percent. With agriculture, human health declined, says Lieberman, partly because farming is such hard work, and partly because it allows higher population densities, in which infection spreads more easily. ) â€Å"There was more disease, a decrease in body size, higher mortality rates among juveniles, and more stress lines in bones and teeth,† Lieberman says. ) Cu ltivating grain also allowed farmers to space their children more closely. liv) Hunter-gatherers have long intervals between births, because they do not wean children until age four or five, when teeth are ready to chew hard foods. (â€Å"You can’t feed babies beef jerky,† jokes Lieberman. ) xlv) Farmers, however, can make gruel—a high-calorie mush of roots or grains like millet, taro, or oats that doesn’t require chewing—and wean children much sooner. ) Grains, the source of products such as bread, baked goods, and corn syrup, did not become plentiful in the human diet until the establishment of agriculture. xlvi) So grain farming allowed bigger families and has changed the human situation in endless ways. But while people have eaten grains for a hundred centuries, until the last half-century, most grains consumed were not heavily processed. † ) In the last 50 years, the extent of processing has increased so much that prepared breakfast cere als—even without added sugar—act exactly like sugar itself,† says pediatrics specialist David Ludwig. ) In 1981, David Jenkins, a professor of nutrition at the University of Toronto, led a team that tested various foods to determine which were best for diabetics. xlvii) They developed a â€Å"glycemic index† that ranked foods from 0 to 100, depending on how rapidly the body turned them into glucose. This work overturned some established bromides, such as the distinction between â€Å"simple† and â€Å"complex† carbohydrates: a baked russet potato, for example, traditionally defined as a complex carbohydrate, has a glycemic rating of 85 (ffl12; studies vary) whereas a 12-ounce can of Coca-Cola appears on some glycemic indices at 63. xlviii) Eating high-glycemic foods dumps large amounts of glucose suddenly into the bloodstream, triggering the pancreas to secrete insulin, the hormone that allows glucose to enter the body’s cells for meta bolism or storage. lix) The pancreas over-responds to the spike in glucose—a more rapid rise than a hunter-gatherer’s bloodstream was likely to encounter—and secretes lots of insulin. ) But while high-glycemic foods raise blood sugar quickly, â€Å"they also leave the gastrointestinal tract quickly,† Ludwig explains. â€Å"The plug gets pulled. l) † With so much insulin circulating, blood sugar plummets. This triggers a second wave of hormones, including stress hormones like epinephrine. li) â€Å"The body puts on the emergency brakes,† says Ludwig. lii) â€Å"It releases any stored fuels—the liver starts releasing glucose. iii) This raises blood sugar back into the normal range, but at a cost to the body. † ) One cost, documented by studies at the School of Public Health, is that going through this kind of physiologic stress three to five times per day doubles the risk of heart attacks. ) Another cost is excess hunger. ) The p recipitous drop in blood sugar triggers primal mechanisms in the brain: â€Å"The brain thinks the body is starving,† Ludwig explains. liv) â€Å"It doesn’t care about the 30 pounds of fat socked away, so it sends you to the refrigerator to get a quick fix, like a can of soda. ) Glycemic spikes may underlie Ludwig and Gortmaker’s finding, published in the Lancet two years ago, that each additional daily serving of a sugar-sweetened beverage multiplies the risk of obesity by 1. 6. ) Some argue that people compensate for such sugary intake by eating less later on, to balance it out, but Ludwig asserts, â€Å"We don’t compensate well when calories come in liquid form. lv) The meal has to go through your gut, where the brain gets satiety signals that slow you down. On the other hand, you could drink a 64-ounce soft drink before you knew what hit you. ) Since humans can take in large amounts of food in a short time, â€Å"we are adapted to receiving much hi gher glycemic loads than other primates,† says Richard Wrangham, speculating that nonhuman primates may be poor models for research on human diabetes because they have a different insulin system. lvi) The only component of the hunter-gatherer diet likely to cause extreme insulin spikes is honey, which Wrangham feels â€Å"is likely to have been very important, at least seasonally, for our ancestors. What is certain is that hunter-gatherers never experienced anything like the routine daily glucose-insulin cycles that characterize a modern diet loaded with refined sugars and starches. lvii) Constantly buffeted by these insulin surges, over time the body’s cells develop insulin resistance, a decreased response to insulin’s signal to take in glucose. lviii) When the cells slam their doors shut, high levels of glucose keep circulating in the bloodstream, prompting the pancreas to secrete even more insulin. This syndrome can turn into an endocrine disorder called hype rinsulinemia that sets the stage for Type II, or adult-onset, diabetes, which has become epidemic in recent years. ) Ironically, U. S. government agencies’ attempts to deal with obesity during the last three decades—encouraging people to eat less fat and more carbohydrates, for example—actually may have exacerbated the problem. ) Take the Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Food Guide Pyramid, first promulgated in 1992. ix) The pyramid’s diagram of dietary recommendations is a familiar sight on cereal boxes—hardly a coincidence, since the guidelines suggest six to 11 servings daily from the â€Å"bread, cereal, rice, and pasta† group. ) The USDA recommends eating more of these starches than any other category of food. lx) Unfortunately, such starches are nearly all high-glycemic carbohydrates, which drive obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and Type II diabetes. ) â€Å"At best, the USDA pyramid offers wishy-washy, scientifically unfounded adv ice on an absolutely vital topic—what to eat,† writes Willett in Eat, Drink, and Be Healthy. â€Å"At worst, the misinformation contributes to overweight, poor health, and unnecessary early deaths. ) â€Å"Clearly, some food industries have for many years successfully influenced the government in ways that keep the prices of certain foods artificially low. lxi) David Ludwig questions farm subsidies of â€Å"billions to the lowest-quality foods†Ã¢â‚¬â€for example, grains like corn (â€Å"for corn sweeteners and animal feed to make Big Macs†) and wheat (â€Å"refined carbohydrates. â€Å") ) Meanwhile, the government does not subsidize far healthier items like fruits, vegetables, beans, and nuts. xii) â€Å"It’s a perverse situation,† he says. â€Å"The foods that are the worst for us have an artificially low price, and the best foods cost more. lxiii) This is worse than a free market: we are creating a mirror-world here. † ) Govern mental policies like cutting school budgets by dropping physical education programs may also prove to be a false economy. ) â€Å"There’s fast food sold in school cafeterias, soft drinks and candies in school vending machines, and advertising in classrooms on Channel One. ) Meanwhile there are cutbacks in physical education, as if it were a luxury. What was once daily and mandatory is now infrequent and optional. † ) Consider the flap that arose after the United Nations’ World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization issued a report in 2003 recommending guidelines for eating to improve world nutrition and prevent chronic diseases. lxiv) Instead of applauding the report, the DHHS issued a 28-page, line-by-line critique and tried to get WHO to quash it. lxv) WHO recommended that people limit their intake of added sugars to no more than 10 percent of alories eaten, a guideline poorly received by the Sugar Association, a trade group that has threatened to pressure Congress to challenge the United States’ $406 million contribution to WHO. ) By the last decade of the 20th Century, Americans had become much more adventuresome eaters. lxvi) Variety of choice is nearly unbelievable. lxvii) Ethnic cuisine, once shunned, enjoys increasing popularity and the new foods introduced via that route add greatly to the variety of food choices. ) The trend toward eating out of the home continues to grow; in 1998, 47% of the food dollar was spent away from home. xviii) However, the concern for nutrition was higher than ever and that fact probably contributed to keeping some meals at home. ) Today’s families seem busier than ever. lxix) Rushing between work and school often leaves parents scrambling for time to prepare nutritious, good-tasting meals for their children. ) In fact, 44 percent of U. S. weekday meals are prepared in 30 minutes or less. ) As the quality of our diets has deteriorated over the last 50 years, certain diseases have become rampant. â€Å"Directly related to food, you hear a lot of talk about obesity-related problems in terms of diabetes, coronary artery disease and high blood pressure, and those happen in both men and women,† lxx) â€Å"Those are the general categories of ailments; there are also many specific diet-related disorders. † ) A majority of individuals are making less healthy food choices for better time management. ) Whether for good or bad, changes in diet and fitness have morphed the way people live. ) In the 1960s, it was still common to plant a garden or a fruit tree for food. xxi) Nowadays, this is not the case; in fact it is less common to grow a garden in the U. S than it was 50 years ago. ) Even quick, pop in the microwave or oven meals have become more popular, despite the fact that the invention of the TV dinner occurred in 1944. lxxii) Between working and conflicting schedules, there are not as many home-cooked, healthy meals on the plates of children today. ) Obesity has reached epidemic proportions. lxxiii) In 2007 and 2008, 34 percent of Americans were obese and another 34 percent were overweight, according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. xxiv) In 1960 and 1962, only about 14 percent of Americans were obese and 31. 5 percent were overweight. lxxv) Since 1976, the number of o bese children from ages 2 to 5 has nearly doubled. ) In 2011, people are looking for weight loss at a quick pace with diet pills, diet shakes, surgery and different diets such as the cabbage soup diet. lxxvi) There are more fad diets and methods of weight loss than ever before. IV. Are food allergies on the rise? If so, why? a) The number of kids with food allergies went up 18 percent from 1997 to 2007, according to the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ) About 3 million children younger than 18 had a food or digestive allergy in 2007, the CDC said. c) A recent study in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology found that visits to the emergency room at Children’s Hospital Boston for allergic reactions more than doubled from 2001 to 2006. i) Although this is just one hospital, the findings reflect a rise in food allergies seen in national reports, said Dr. Susan Rudders, lead author and pediatric allergist-immunologist in Providence, Rhode Island. d) One theory is that the Western diet has made people more susceptible to developing allergies and other illnesses. i) The children in the African village live in a community that produces its own food. iii) The study authors say this is closer to how humans ate 10,000 years ago. iv) Their diet is mostly vegetarian. e) By contrast, the local diet of European children contains more sugar, animal fat and calorie-dense foods. v) The study authors posit that these factors result in less biodiversity in the organisms found inside the gut of European children. f) The decrease in richness of gut bacteria in Westerners may have something to do with the rise in allergies in industrialized countries, said Dr. Paolo Lionetti of the department of pediatrics at Meyer Children Hospital at the University of Florence. vi) Sanitation measures and vaccines in the West may have controlled infectious disease, but they decreased exposure to a variety of bacteria may have opened the door to these other ailments. g) Another theory is that children need to get exposed to common allergens, such as nuts and shellfish, from a much earlier age, to avoid developing allergies. vii) Some doctors have been recommending waiting until 2 or 3, but Ferdman at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles is a proponent of giving kids nuts very early. iii) This could occur through breastfeeding or an unintended exposure to highly processed foods in the Western diet that may contain hidden sources of the allergens. h) Cooking practices can also affect the development of food allergies. ix) For example, roasting a peanut enhances its allergenic potential compared to other forms of preparing peanut. x) Peanut allergy is more common in the U. S. where peanuts are roasted, as compared to China where peanuts are boiled. V. Is the fast food industry hurting our waistlines and our health? How? ) American emphasis on convenience and rapid consumption is best represented in fast foods such as hamburgers, French fries, and soft drinks, which almost all Americans have eaten. b) By the 1960s and 1970s fast foods became one of America’s strongest exports as franchises for McDonalds and Burger Kings spread through the world (Klem 443). c) The effect of fast food chains was infectious; they had become accepted in American society. d) Traditional meals cooked at home and consumed at a leisurely pace gave way to quick lunches and dinners eaten on the run as other countries mimicked American cultural patterns. ) In some ways, American food developments are contradictory. f) Americans are more aware of food quality, yet are still eating unhealthy foods due to their increasing dependence on convenience, and are a lso regularly eating fast foods (Heymsfield 148). i) â€Å"It’s hard for people to give up traditions,† states nutrition expert, Kathy Johnson. g) Spurlock’s total immersion in fast food was a one-subject research study, and his body’s response a warning about the way we eat now. h) â€Å"Super Size Me† could be a credo for the United States, where people, like their automobiles, have become gargantuan. i) â€Å"SUVs, big homes, penis enlargement, breast enlargement, bulking up with steroids—it’s a context of everything getting bigger,† says K. Dun Gifford ’60, LL. B. ’66, president of the Oldways Preservation and Exchange Trust, a nonprofit organization specializing in food, diet, and nutrition education. i) Steven Gortmaker, professor of society, human development, and health at the School of Public Health, observes that the convenience-food culture is so ubiquitous that even conscientious parents have trouble s teering their children away from junk food. ii) â€Å"You let your kids go on a ‘play date,’† says the father of two, â€Å"and they come home and say, ‘We went to Burger King for lunch. ’† j) He notes that on any given day, 30 percent of American children aged four to 19 eat fast food, and older and wealthier ones eat even more. k) Overall, 7 percent of the U. S. population visits McDonald’s each day, and 20 to 25 percent eat in some kind of fast-food restaurant. v) But taking the family to McDonald’s for, say, Chicken McNuggets, French fries, and a sugar-sweetened beverage—a meal loaded with calories, salt, trans fats (the most unhealthy, artery-clogging fats of all, typified in â€Å"partially hydrogenated† oils), fried foods, starch, and sugar—makes Gortmaker shake his head. â€Å"I can’t imagine a worse meal for kids,† he says. â€Å"They call this a ‘Happy Meal’? † l) H umans can eat convenient, refined, highly processed food with great speed, enabling them to consume an astonishing caloric load—literally thousands of calories—in minutes. ) Gortmaker, Ludwig, and colleagues did research comparing caloric intake on days when children ate in a fast-food restaurant to days when they did not; they soaked up 126 calories more on fast-food days, which could translate into a weight gain of 13 pounds per year on fast food alone. m) Pumping up portion size makes good business sense, because the cost of ingredients like sugar and water for a carbonated soda is trivial, and customers perceive the larger amount as delivering greater value. vi) â€Å"When you have calories that are incredibly cheap, in a culture where ‘bigger is better,’ that’s a dangerous combination,† says Walter Willett. ) Furthermore, â€Å"Portion sizes have increased dramatically since the 1950s,† says Beatrice Lorge Rogers ’68, profe ssor of economics and food policy at Tufts University’s Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy. vii) For proof, consider a 1950s advertising jingle: â€Å"Pepsi-Cola hits the spot/12 full ounces, that’s a lot. † Well, it’s not a lot any more. o) For decades, 12 ounces (itself a move up from earlier 6. 5- and 10-ounce bottles) was the standard serving size for soft drinks. viii) But since the 1970s, soft drink bottles have grown to 20 and 24 ounces; today, even one-liter (33. 8 ounce) bottles are marketed as â€Å"single servings. ix) It doesn’t stop there. The 7-11 convenience store chain offers a Double Gulp cup filled with 64 ounces of ice and soda: a half-gallon â€Å"serving. † Surely, the 128-ounce Gallon Guzzle is on the horizon. p) Soft drinks are becoming America’s favorite breakfast beverage, and specialty sandwiches and burritos for breakfast are fast-growing items, part of the trend toward eating out for all meals . q) The restaurant industry—which employs 12 million workers (second only to government) and has projected sales of $440. 1 billion this year, according to its national association—ranks among the nation’s largest businesses. ) Today, Americans spend 49 cents of every food dollar on food eaten outside the home, where, according to Rogers, they consume 30 percent of their calories. x) That includes take-out food (which some parts of the restaurant industry now style as â€Å"home meal replacement†). s) â€Å"In some ways, you can see obesity as the tip of the iceberg, sitting on top of huge societal issues,† says Willett. xi) â€Å"There are enormous pressures on homes with both the husband and wife in the work force. t) One reason things need to be fast is that Mom is not at home preparing meals and waiting for the kids to come home from school any more. ii) She is out there in the office all day, commuting home, and maybe working extra hours at night. xiii) This means heating something in the microwave or hitting the drive-through at McDonald’s. u) There really is a time issue—people do have less time. v) Technology may have entrenched that passivity, while making food preparation easier and faster. w) Three Harvard economists, professors of economics Edward Glaeser and David Cutler, and graduate student Jesse Shapiro, argued in a recent paper that improved technology has cut the time needed to prepare food, allowing us to eat more conveniently. iv) For example, in 1978, they note, only 8 percent of homes had microwave ovens, but 83 percent do today. Food that once took hours to prepare is now â€Å"nuked† in minutes. x) Technology can also change what we eat. xv) Potatoes used to be baked, boiled, or mashed; the labor involved in peeling, cutting, and cooking French fries meant that few home cooks served them, the economists point out. xvi) But now factories prepare potatoes for frying and ship them t o fast-food outlets or freeze them for microwave cooking at home. ) Americans ate 30 percent more potatoes between 1977 and 1995, most of that increase coming in the form of French fries and potato chips. z) In general, technology has enabled the food industry to do more of the work of preparing and cooking what we eat, increasing the proportion of processed victuals in the nation’s diet. xvii) Frequently, processing also folds in more ingredients; russet potatoes, for example, contain no added salt or oil, though most potato chips do. {) Within our laissez-faire system of food supply, the food vendors’ actions aren’t illegal, or even inherently immoral. viii) â€Å"The food industry’s major objective is to get us to intake more food,† says Gortmaker. xix) â€Å"And the TV industry’s objective is to get us to watch more television, to be sedentary. |) Advertising is the action that keeps them both successful. xx) So you’ve got two hu ge industries being successful at what they are supposed to do: creating more intake and less activity. xxi) And since larger people require more food energy just to sustain themselves, the food industry is growing a larger market for itself. † }) That industry spends billions of dollars on research, says Willett. xii) â€Å"They have carefully researched the exact levels of sweetness and saltiness that will make every food as attractive as possible,† he explains. xxiii) â€Å"Each company is putting out its bait, trying to make it more attractive than its competitors. ~) Food industry science is getting better, more refined, and more powerful as we go along. xxiv) They do good science—they don’t throw their money down the drain. ) What we spend on nutrition education is only in the tens of millions of dollars annually. xxv) There’s a huge imbalance, and it tips more and more in favor of the food industry every year. Food executives like to say, à ¢â‚¬ËœJust educate the consumer—when they create the demand for healthier food, we’ll supply it! ’ xxvi) That’s a bit disingenuous when you consider that they are already spending billions to ‘educate’ consumers. † ) The food industry itself has begun to make certain investments in the direction of healthier eating. xxvii) â€Å"In the future, I see a convergence between food and health,† says Goldberg. xxviii) â€Å"The food industry has been warned of the backlash that could hit them, like it did tobacco. ) He suggests that the food industry will become more responsive to consumers’ health concerns regarding issues like bioengineered ingredients in foodstuffs. ) People â€Å"want a diversity of sources for their food, and traceability of sources,† he says. ) â€Å"The bar code will become a vehicle not just for pricing, but for describing and listing ingredients. † ) Even fast-food chains are changing; in the past year, they reported a 16 percent growth in servings of main-dish salads. ) Willet sees no reason why healthy eating should not be as delicious and attractive as junk food, and the franchisers may be headed that way as well. xix) McDonald’s is currently testing an adult meal that includes a pedometer and â€Å"Step With It† booklet along with any entree salad. In its kids’ meals, Wendy’s is trying out fruit cups with melon slices instead of French fries. xxx) Yogurt manufacturer Stonyfield Farm has launched a chain of healthful fast-food restaurants called O’Naturals. ) Doritos themselves are getting healthier. xxxi) Fitness expert Kenneth Cooper, M. P. H. ’62, founder of the Cooper Aerobics Center in Dallas, has been working with PepsiCo’s CEO, Steven S. Reinemund, to develop new products and modify existing items in a healthier direction. The company’s Frito-Lay unit last year eliminated trans fats from its salty offe rings. xxxii) Frito-Lay introduced organic, healthier versions of Doritos and Cheetos under the Natural sub-brand. † xxxiii) As a result, 55 million pounds of trans fats will be removed from the American diet over the next 12 months,† Cooper says. ) PepsiCo is in 150 countries, and many of their healthier products will soon be promoted throughout the world. ) Physical fitness is good business for the individual and for the corporation. † ) PepsiCo sells plenty of food and beverages from vending machines, many of them in schools. xxiv) â€Å"You don’t resolve the obesity problem in children by taking the vending machines out of schools,† Cooper declares. â€Å"Kids will still get what they want. xxxv) Put better products in the machines and get physical education back in the schools. † ) Accordingly, PepsiCo is stocking some school machines with fruit juices from its Tropicana and Dole brands, Gatorade, and Aquafina bottled water; others offer F rito-Lay products that meet Cooper’s â€Å"Class I† standard: no trans fats and restricted amounts of calories, fat, saturated fat, and sodium. Fast food has become a staple for many individuals. xxxvi) Though fast food was developed in the 1930s, it has peaked in popularity during the past two decades. ) According to CBS HealthWatch, at least a quarter of all Americans eat at McDonald’s once per day. 1) How have your own dietary practices changed over the years? 2) How have your dietary practices changed since taking a course in nutrition? How to cite What Was the American Diet Like 50 Years Ago, Papers

Costing Model Evaluating Effectiveness of RFID

Question: Discuss about the Costing Model for Evaluating Effectiveness of RFID. Answer: Introduction Activity-Based Management (ABM) is defined as a method used in the internal analysis of a business aimed at identifying its activities and evaluating them on the basis of the cost incurred and the value added by the activities (Chung-Kai, Chun-Yu, 2017). The same study denotes that the main idea of ABM is analyzing the activities in relation to the business operation while identifying the possible opportunities for improving the profitability and efficiency of the business. On the other hand, Activity Based Costing (ABC) is a method of accounting that helps in identifying the activities performed by a business organization while assigning direct indirect costs to the product results of the activities (Ippolito et al., 2016). In other words, ABC as an accounting system helps in recognizing the relationship between products, costs, and activities in a relationship through which it enables the assigning of indirect costs to products that are less arbitrary than the traditional accounti ng methods. This paper evaluates and presents the importance of Activity Based Management and Activity Based Costing in a contemporary environment of a business. Uses of Activity-Based Management in an organization ABM is often known to be a procedure that begun operation in the 1980s as essential in analyzing a business process with the aim of identifying the weaknesses and strengths of the business. Kim, Han, Yi, and Chang (2016) points out that ABM mainly targets section of the business that are causing financial losses with the aim of eliminating or improving the activities or the areas to increase the business productivity and profitability. The same study denotes that ABM helps a business in analyzing the costs of equipment, facilities, employees, and overhead distribution in the business among other factors. Chung-Kai and Chun-Yu (2017) point out that ABM can be applied in different types of businesses organizations such as non-profit org., government agencies, service providers, manufacturers, and schools among other sectors. It is hence essential in providing the cost information of the business in all facets of its operation. The analysis of ABM involves the classification of business activities as non-value-added or value-added. In his study, Dimitropoulos (2007) denotes that value added activities has a positive impact on the business as it increases the perception of the customers towards the value they have on the products of the organization. On the other hand, non-value added activities forces the business to incur costs but has no positive influence on the perception of the customers towards the products offered by the organization. Once the evaluation process on the value of the organization is completed, the organization can then focus on the activities that add value to its businesses while eliminating or reducing those that add not value to the business. Forcina (2015) denotes that companies that utilize ABM may often rank the value addition in a chosen scale of either one to five or one to ten so as to demonstrate the various levels and degrees of the customers perception towards the value add ition of each activity. From the analysis, it is evident that Activity-Based Management has specific objectives that it aims at achieving within the organization. Trowbridge (2013) points out that ABM often targets at achieving two major objectives. These include identifying and enhancing value-added activities in different facets of the business, identifying and eliminating or reducing non-value added activities, and redesigning the operational procedures of the company. These goals when achieved will help the organization to improve efficiency, maximizing value-added activities, and cutting wasteful spending on the invaluable activities. Uses of Activity-Based Costing According to ElGammal et al. (2016), the use of Activity Based Costing is often adopted in manufacturing organizations as it helps in enhancing the cost of data reliability thus producing a better classification of costs the company has incurred while executing its processes of production. Runliang and Bingning (2015) also point out that this costing accounting system is often adopted in product costing, product line, and target costing analysis, service pricing, as well as the analysis of the customer profitability. The method of accounting is thus hugely popular as it helps businesses to develop a much better and effective corporate strategy and focus when costs are better grasped. According to cost accountants, using the traditional cost accounting methods can often obscure or hide information on the costs of individual services or products, mainly when the local rules of cost allocation misrepresents the actual usage of resources according to Spiewak (2012). In such a case, the adoption of ABC is driven by the need of understanding the true costs of individual services and products with more accuracy. In support of the concept, Adane, Abiy, and Desta (2015) denote that companies often implement activity based accounting with the aim of identifying unprofitable individual products, finding the true cost of products and services for proper pricing policy, and revealing unnecessary costs that are worth elimination. Activity Based Costing is thus essential in the enhancement of the costing process in three major ways. Zakka et al. (2016) denote that ABC helps in expanding the number of cost pools hence suitable for assembling the overhead costs. Instead of the accumulation of all costs within one companywide pool, ABC helps the company to pool costs through its activities. The resulting effect is that it creates new bases for the assigning of overhead costs to different items to enable the allocation of costs on the basis of the costs-generating activities instead of focusing on the volume measures such as direct labor costs or machine hours. In support of this idea, Charaf and Rahmouni (2014) denote that ABC accounting system alters the organizational nature of various indirect costs enabling them to be traced to certain activities. The examples of these indirect costs include inspection, power, and depreciation among others. In a systematic review, Park and Simpson (2008) denote that ABC can be adopted by an organization to identify wasteful products. The study reveals that every ABC method adopted by a company for similar costs to production performance hence allowing the business to have a clear understanding on the progress of the overhead costs. The study hence denotes that the data can be used in identifying unnecessary costs and wasteful products to enable the productive use of resources. Park, J., Simpson (2008) also denote that the process can as well be used in fixing prices of services and products that are incorrect or excessive. In other words, the overall products and the quality of services can increase as the data details presented from the ABC can help in identifying cost and production issues that need to be resolved. According to Elgammal et al. (2016), adopting ABC in a business helps in improving the process of business for the organization. The ABC system adopted helps in allocating indirect costs on the basis of the product cost driver or on the factors creating costs. In other words, as these costs are allocated per product, a picture begin emerging in evaluating the business process that performs well and which other process calls for improvement. Analysis of the trends identified In their review, Kihuba et al. (2016) point out that management methods and practices have changed over the last decade. The same study denotes that organizations are moving from vertical to horizontal management systems. It is denoted as a move from a functionally oriented to a process system orientation adopting the use of just-in-time, total quality management, and business process reengineering as horizontal management initiatives for improvement. These are initiatives that are designed with the aim of improving the working process of the organization while ensuring its activities efficiently and effectively exceed or meet the ever changing requirements of customers. Park and Simpson (2008) also denote that the management information systems of tracking and providing information concerning the business horizontal aspects have significantly lagged behind the needs of the management. Activity-Based Management is hence adopted as a trend in many organizations to fill the required information as it provides the cost and operating information that often reflects the horizontal view of the business (Kihuba et al., 2016). The focus of ABM in horizontal business view provides the accurate information on the cost of services, products, distribution channels, activities, projects, contracts, and customer segments. The trend of ABM adopted by many organizations hence makes the costs and operation information useful as it provides cost drivers, value analysis, and measures of performance that can initiate, support, or drive improvement efforts and better decision-making. Depending on the organization adopting the accounting system, the Activity Based Costing is adopted in different trends (Charaf Rahmouni, 2014),). For instance, in the manufacturing companies, most manufacturing companies divides the overhead costs within the business into various activity centers mainly the machining, assembly, and quality inspection activity costs. Tsai et al. (2015) point out that each of these three activity centers does possess associated factors or costs drivers that influence the costs. For example, the machining activity costs can take into consideration the processing hours or the machine while the total number of the parts used can be considered in the assembly activity costs. Knowledge integration From the analysis of different literature presented in this manuscript, the adoption of the Activity based Accounting and the Activity-based Management accounting tools are adopted by many organizations as opposed to the traditional accounting methods. ElGammal et al. (2016) point out that they are often viewed as an opportunity for achieving the desire of improving the costing accuracy mainly to get very closer to the true costs as well as the return on investment for programs and projects among other initiatives in the business. Kihuba et al. (2016) also denote that organizations which effectively and consistently use activity-based accounting are viewed as practicing activity-based management. In other words, the management adopts ABC in supporting pricing deleting or adding items from product portfolio, choosing between in-house and outsourcing production, as well as the evaluation of the process improvement initiative. However, Charaf and Rahmouni (2014) assert that implementing Activity Based Accounting requires the very detailed information on the specific company activities such as the services, products, and tasks together with complete and detailed information on the resources consumed by these activities such as labor, time, etc. In a strategic survey, Chen et al. (2014) denote that any organization or company considering implementing or already implementing ABM needs to identify that certain market factors or products might be beneficial to the organization. However, some factors may not lead to the desired successful implementation goals. As a result, ABM can be adopted by the organization to solve the dilemma of what factors to implement as it gives a better chance to establish a beneficial costing for a valuable business output. However, ElGammal et al. (2016) denote that the process often comes with a challenge as it difficult finding out what costs are relevant for a particular activity. At the same time, the individuals involved in the process may also be suspicious of the other colleagues charged with the responsibility of evaluation. Adane, Abiy, and Desta (2015) also denote that some areas tend to overlap increasing their complexity and difficulty of separating them in addition to ABM being a costly process. The Activity-based costing or activity-based accounting id often used as a way of allocating costs on the basis of a number of resources that a service or a product can consume. Zakka et al. (2014) denote that its adoption is often essential in business organizations which provide customized services or products. Te same study denotes that a customized environment of production in a business requires allocation of the ABC on actual indirect costs to specific products so as to identify the true cost of the product. In their study, Kujacic (2015) also denotes that the process of implementing ABC can be a very challenging task for every business as the process has got its opportunities and challenges of implementation as well. The adoption of Activity Based Costing often comes with challenges to the organization as some costs are often difficult to assign through this cost such as office staff salaries and management expenses when focusing on assigning them to a specific product produced as pointed out by Kali?anin and KneÃ… ¾evi? (2013). For this reasons, its use is mostly adopted in the manufacturing industries as denoted by the same study. Additionally, its process of implementation is quite expensive as setting up an effective ABC accounting system requires many procedures and takes a longer time. In the process of analyzing the business activities, they have to be broken down into the individual components of each activity. According to Charaf and Rahmouni (2014), the process will require using up other valuable resources in the process of data collection, measurement, and entry into the new system adopted. The same study denotes that the process may as well require the assistance of a consultant with effective skills in the specialization to ensure a proper setup of the ABC system and provide training to the employees on how it is used. With modern technology, Spiewak (2012) denotes that most companies are currently using software that also adds additional expense to the process of implementation but it can be used in automating most of the manual aspects required while using ABC. According to Diavastisa et al. (2016), the misinterpretation of data is often a common challenge for many businesses. ABC system produced reports often contain essential information such as the activity product margin that often varies from that reported while using the traditional cost methods. In other cases, the Activity Based Costing may contain some irrelevant information due to the decision-making scenarios adopted. For instance, Ippolito et al. (2016) denote that ABC should not be used for external reporting as it does not confirm to any recommended accounting standard. The same study denotes that since the traditional cost figures are often the norm, the interpretation of ABC data together with the regular information of accounting can be very confusing leading to bad decision-making. Conclusion ABM and ABC have caused a radical change in managing cost for the organizational resources and activities. Activity-Based Management is essential in supporting the organizational excellence as it provides information essential in facilitating long-term strategic decisions on issues such as sourcing and product mix. It helps the product designers in understanding the impact their different designs can cause on the flexibility and cost for the possibility modifying the designs accordingly. The ABM adoption in business supports the organizational desire for continually improving the performance of the organizations as it allows the management to evaluate and gain new insights into the productivity and performance. ABM hence focuses on permitting the management with the aim of creating behavioral incentives that can improve the different facet aspects of the business. On the other hand, Activity Based Costing is not a method of costing but a tool for better management of the organization. The tool is a one-off activity that measures the performance and the cost of resources, activities, as well as the objects that consume them so as to generate accurate and meaningful data or information for effective decision-making within the organization. The use of activity-based costing or costing can hence be adopted as an essential tool in gaining a cost advantage over business competitors while increasing efficiency in operational and strategic decisions that can, in turn, lead to improved financial performance and profitability. The impact of using ABC and ABM in businesses hence helps in boosting their financial performances. References Adane, K., Abiy, Z., Desta, K. (2015). The revenue generated from clinical chemistry and hematology laboratory services as determined using activity-based costing (ABC) model.Cost Effectiveness Resource Allocation,131-7. doi:10.1186/s12962-015-0047-7 Charaf, K., Rahmouni, A. F. (2014). Using importance performance analysis to evaluate the satisfaction of Activity-Based Costing adopters.Accounting Management Information Systems / Contabilitate Si Informatica De Gestiune,13(4), 665-685. Chen, H., Chiu, A., Huang, S., Chen, C. (2014). 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